Declension latin endings11/26/2023 280 assumes for *pod- that the dental stop was later analogically restored, with the lengthened vowel kept: *pōts. 100, 230 example *pōs from *pod-: Sihler p. For stems ending in -n- and -(d|t)-, the stem-final consonant may have dropped too, with any subsequent -s only kept in the latter (example *kwō from *kwon-: Beekes p. 186 though assumes the opposite, consonant-stem nouns originally ending in -∅, with -s only copied over later from the o-stem nouns. Regarding consonant-stem singular nominatives, most scholars assume an -s ending, and for that -s ending to be dropped (with compensatory lengthening of the preceding vowel) after non-stops. i- and u-stems see "genus"/"generis" for an ablaut graduation continued straight into Latin). Variations in athematic root/stem accent/ablaut are mostly ignored except for a few cases where stem ablauts easily fuse with the endings proper (i.e. phonetically eh₂ has become ah₂, and h₂e h₂a Fortson p. Not depicted, but part of Italic development: Pre-laryngeal e-ablauts were already laryngeally colored (i.e. This table omits the dual number, of which the development of Latin retains few if any traces. Note "(<)" abbreviates "(fused with last stem sound (consonant or vowel))", "(<<)" abbreviates "(fused with last stem vowel + consonant)", "(–)" abbreviates "(previous vowel is lengthened)", "(v)" abbreviates "(previous vowel is shortened)", "?(x)" means "possibly x", "(x|y)" means "either x or y". Development of nominal endings from PIE to Latin Development of nominal endings from PIE to Latin
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